EYE AND ITS DISEASES

 Human eye constitutes a major part of the human visual system.The visual system is the most complex sensory system in the human body .however it is the least mature system at birth. coming to the anatomy of eye it consists of various parts which combines to complete the function of eye. 

  According to the american academy of ophthalmology many sight-threatening diseases, if detected early can be cured (or) treated to prevent, or slow the progression of any vision loss, 

SOME OF THE EYE DISEASES ARE AS FOLLOWS

1.Age-Related macular Degeneration:

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that damages the macula in the eye. Macula makes up only a small part of retina,but very sensitive than the rest.The loss of  central vision caused by AMD can make it hard to read, drive (or) recognizing faces.

                    

INTRODUCTION:                                                  There are two forms of AMD 1. DRY AMD causes a slow breakdown of light sensitive cells in the retina which is more common 2. WET AMD caused due to growth of abnormal blood vessels under retina which leaks blood fluid and cause scaring. SYMPTOMS: 1. Blurred vision 2. Wavy appearance  of straight lines 3. A dark patch in the middle of  words  as per lead 4. A worsening of  colour vision DIAGNOSIS: CAN  be diagnosed by pupil examination and  flourescein Angiography TREATMENT: 1. There is no particular treatment for DRY AMD which includes only the nutrient diet. 2. Medicines that shrink blood vessels can be used for wet AMD which are like Lucentis, macugen.

2.CATARACT:

   
        

INTRODUCTION : 1. A Cataract is a progressive clouding of the natural lens which blocks the light passing to the retina. 2. The lens is made mostly of water and proteins. Sometimes proteins clump together, clouding small areas of the lens and blocking some light from reaching the retina. This clouding is called CATARACT. CAUSES:    1.Age    2.Radiation 3.Exposure to light 4.Steroid intake 5.Systemic diseases (diabetes) 6.Injury to eye SYMPTOMS: 1.Cloudy or blurry vision 2.Difficulty in reading 3.Double or multiple vision 4.Poor night vision TREATMENT: “Surgery is the only treatment

AMBLYOPIA:

  

     

Introduction:  Amblyopia also known as lazy eye , is a vision development disorder in which an eye fails to achieve normal visual activity even with prescription. SYMPTOMS: 1. Eyes that turn in and out 2.eyes that don’t appear to work together 3.inability to judge depth correctly 4.poor vision in one eye DIAGNOSIS: Amblyopia is usually easily diagnosed with a complete examination of the eyes. Special tests are usually not needed. TREATMENT: 1.first an eye condition that is causing poor vision in the amblyopic eye needs to be corrected 2.children with refractive error will need glasses 3. Next a patch is placed on the normal eye. This forces the brain to recognize the image from the eye with amblyopia

INTRODUCTION:

                                                 There are two forms of AMD

1. DRY AMD causes a slow breakdown of light sensitive cells in the retina which is more common

2. WET AMD caused due to growth of abnormal blood vessels under retina which leaks blood fluid and cause scaring.

SYMPTOMS:

1. Blurred vision

2. Wavy appearance  of straight lines

3. A dark patch in the middle of  words  as per lead

4. A worsening of  colour vision

DIAGNOSIS:

CAN  be diagnosed by pupil examination and  flourescein

Angiography

TREATMENT:

1. There is no particular treatment for DRY AMD which includes only the nutrient diet.

2. Medicines that shrink blood vessels can be used for wet AMD which are like Lucentis, macugen.

INTRODUCTION :

1. A Cataract is a progressive clouding of the natural lens which blocks the light passing to the retina.

2. The lens is made mostly of water and proteins. Sometimes proteins clump together, clouding small areas of the lens and blocking some light from reaching the retina. This clouding is called CATARACT.

CAUSES:

   1.Age

   2.Radiation

3.Exposure to light

4.Steroid intake

5.Systemic diseases (diabetes)

6.Injury to eye

SYMPTOMS:

1.Cloudy or blurry vision

2.Difficulty in reading

3.Double or multiple vision

4.Poor night vision

TREATMENT:

“Surgery is the only treatment

Introduction:

 Amblyopia also known as lazy eye , is a vision development disorder in which an eye fails to achieve normal visual activity even with prescription.

SYMPTOMS:

1. Eyes that turn in and out

2.eyes that don’t appear to work together

3.inability to judge depth correctly

4.poor vision in one eye

DIAGNOSIS:

Amblyopia is usually easily diagnosed with a complete examination of the eyes. Special tests are usually not needed.

TREATMENT:

1.first an eye condition that is causing poor vision in the amblyopic eye needs to be corrected

2.children with refractive error will need glasses

3. Next a patch is placed on the normal eye. This forces the brain to recognize the image from the eye with amblyopia